Психрофильные и психотолерантные организмы некоторое время или постоянно живущие при низких температурах продуцируют “cold – adapted” ферменты. Известно, что около 90% биосферы существует при температурах ниже 10°С. На поверхности земли преобладают низкотемпературные условия на арктическом и антарктическом континентах, горных районах и морских водах, которые покрывают 70% этой площади и располагаются ниже 1000 м уровня моря, температура не превышает 5°С. Психрофильные организмы живут при таких низких температурах, при которых большинство других видов не может расти и для выживания они нуждаются в ферментах, способных успешно осуществлять катализ в этих экстремальных условиях. Принято считать, что отличительный признак психрофильных ферментов – более высокая активность при низких и умеренных температурах, чем у аналогичных мезофильных ферментов [1, 2]. Эффективность катализа - kcat/KM и значительное увеличение термолабильности предположительно связаны с большей подвижностью полипептидной цепи.
Psikhrofilny and psychotolerant organisms some time or constantly living at low temperatures produce «cold – adapted» enzymes. It is known that about 90% of the biosphere exist at temperatures below 10 °C. On the Earth’s surface low-temperature conditions on the Arctic and Antarctic continents, mountainous areas and sea waters which cover 70% of this area prevail and lower than 1000 m of sea level are located, temperature doesn’t exceed 5 °C. Psikhrofilny organisms live at such low temperatures at which the majority of other types can’t grow and for survival they need the enzymes capable to successfully perform a catalysis in these extreme conditions. It is considered to be that a distinctive sign the psikhrofilnykh of enzymes – higher activity at low and moderate temperatures, than at similar mesophilic enzymes [1, 2]. Efficiency of a catalysis - kcat/KM and significant increase in thermolability are presumably connected with bigger mobility of a polypeptide chain.
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