Исследование посвящено оценке содержания тяжелых металлов (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Tl и др.) в почвах, расположенных в зоне влияния полигона твердых бытовых отходов, а также анализу их экологической опасности. Подчеркивается, что аккумуляция данных элементов в системе «почва – растение» вследствие их токсичности и стойкости может представлять серьезную угрозу для окружающей среды и здоровья населения. Для комплексной оценки использованы индексы загрязнения (RI), интегральный индекс загрязнения (IRI) и показатель потенциального экологического риска (RI). Установлено, что наибольшие значения IRI и RI характерны для западных и центральных участков полигона (MCHG’-1, MCHG’-3, MCHShi-9), тогда как минимальные значения отмечены на участке MCHShi-3. Наибольший вклад в формирование экологического риска вносит кадмий, на долю которого приходится 80–90 % суммарного показателя Eᵢr; уровни остальных металлов соответствуют природному фону. Значения RI варьируют в пределах 57,9–146,8, что позволяет отнести исследуемые территории к категориям низкого и умеренного экологического риска. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при планировании экологического мониторинга и разработке мероприятий по реабилитации нарушенных земель.
The study is devoted to the assessment of heavy metal contents (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Tl, etc.) in soils located within the zone of influence of a municipal solid waste landfill, as well as to the analysis of their ecological hazard. It is emphasized that the accumulation of these elements in the soil–plant system, due to their toxicity and persistence, may pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. For a comprehensive assessment of soil contamination, the pollution index (RI), integrated pollution index (IRI), and potential ecological risk index (RI) were applied. The results indicate that the highest IRI and RI values are characteristic of the western and central sections of the landfill (MCHG’-1, MCHG’-3, MCHShi-9), whereas the lowest values were recorded at site MCHShi-3. Cadmium was identified as the major contributor to ecological risk, accounting for 80–90% of the total individual ecological risk factor (Eᵢr), while the concentrations of other metals corresponded to background (natural) levels. The RI values range from 57.9 to 146.8, which allows the studied areas to be classified as zones of low to moderate ecological risk. The obtained results can be used for environmental monitoring planning and for the development of rehabilitation and remediation measures for contaminated lands.
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