В статье представлены результаты комплексного полевого исследования, направленного на оценку влияния минеральных удобрений, применяемых методом фертигации, на питательный режим сероземных почв, рост, развитие и урожайность грецкого ореха (Juglans regia L.) в условиях интенсивного садоводства Зеравшанской долины Узбекистана. Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью научно обоснованного применения удобрений при капельном орошении, что позволяет повысить эффективность использования воды и элементов питания, а также снизить экологические риски, связанные с их избыточным внесением. Экспериментальные исследования проводились в интенсивном ореховом саду сорта Chandler на сероземных почвах Самаркандской области. В опыте изучались различные нормы полного минерального удобрения (NPK) в диапазоне от N75P57K38 до N250P185K125 на фоне капельного орошения, а также контроль без удобрений. Установлено, что фертигация водорастворимыми формами азотных, фосфорных и калийных удобрений способствует значительному увеличению содержания подвижных форм элементов питания во всех исследованных почвенных горизонтах (0–30, 30–60 и 60–90 см). Наиболее выраженный эффект отмечен при норме N150P115K75, дальнейшее повышение доз не обеспечивало пропорционального роста показателей. Улучшение питательного режима почвы положительно отразилось на биометрических показателях деревьев и урожайности культуры. Средняя урожайность за 3 года возросла с 17,38 ц/га на контроле до 86,84–89,38 ц/га при фертигации. Норма N150P115K75 признана наиболее агрономически и экономически обоснованной.
This article presents the results of a comprehensive field study aimed at assessing the effects of mineral fertilizers applied through fertigation on the nutrient regime of sierozem soils, as well as on the growth, development, and yield of walnut (Juglans regia L.) under intensive orchard conditions in the Zeravshan Valley of Uzbekistan. The relevance of the research is determined by the need for scientifically substantiated fertilizer management under drip irrigation, which allows improving water and nutrient use efficiency while reducing negative environmental impacts associated with excessive fertilizer application. Experimental studies were conducted in an intensive walnut orchard of the Chandler cultivar established on sierozem soils of the Samarkand region. The experiment evaluated different rates of complete mineral fertilizers (NPK) ranging from N75P57K38 to N250P185K125 under drip irrigation, along with an unfertilized control. The results showed that fertigation with water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers significantly increased the content of available nutrient forms (ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium) in all studied soil layers (0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm). The most pronounced effect was observed at fertilizer rates up to N150P115K75, while further increases did not result in a proportional rise in nutrient content. Improved soil nutrient status positively affected tree biometric parameters, fruit number, individual nut weight, and overall yield. Over three years, average walnut yield increased from 17.38 c ha⁻¹ in the control to 86.84–89.38 c ha⁻¹ under fertigation. The N150P115K75 rate was identified as the most agronomically and economically optimal.
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